Piping Engineering Essentials: Types of Valves and Their Functions

By Atul Singla Categories: EPCLAND, Free, Piping
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Valves are the heart of any process piping system, enabling control, direction, and isolation of flow. This in-depth course covers the theory, types, applications, selection, and installation of industrial valves, empowering engineers and professionals to make informed decisions in real-world scenarios.

Whether you’re a beginner looking to understand the basics or a professional aiming to refine your valve selection and application knowledge—this course is designed for you.

🔍 Topics Covered:

  1. What is a Valve?

  2. Purpose and Functions of Valves

  3. Valve Motions: Linear, Rotary, Quarter-turn

  4. Internal Components of a Valve

  5. Trim Parts and API Trim Numbers

  6. Common Types of Valves:

    • Gate Valve

    • Globe Valve

    • Ball Valve

    • Butterfly Valve

    • Plug Valve

    • Needle Valve

  7. End Connections:

    • Flanged

    • Screwed

    • Butt-Welded

    • Socket-Welded

    • Wafer

  8. Valve Selection Criteria

    • Based on service condition, pressure, temperature, fluid, etc.

  9. Basic Material Selection

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What Will You Learn?

  • 🎯 What You Will Learn:
  • The definition and purpose of valves in piping systems
  • Key functions and operations of valves
  • Types of valve motions: linear, rotary, quarter-turn
  • Detailed understanding of major valve components and trims
  • Comparison of different valve types: Gate, Globe, Ball, Butterfly, Plug, Needle
  • End connections: Flanged, Screwed, Welded, Wafer
  • Criteria for valve selection based on service conditions
  • Overview of material selection and API trim numbers

Course Content

Introduction to Valves
Overview of Valves 1. What is a Valve? A valve is a mechanical device that regulates, directs, or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. 2. Functions of a Valve Stopping and starting fluid flow Varying (throttling) the amount of fluid flow Controlling the direction of fluid flow Regulating downstream system or process pressure Relieving component or piping overpressure 3. Types of Valves (Detailed listing covered under classification section below) 4. Cost of Valves in Piping Systems Valves represent a significant portion of the total cost in piping systems, influenced by their size, type, materials, and complexity. 5. Importance of Valve Selection Proper valve selection is crucial for system safety, performance, maintenance, and cost-effectiveness. 6. Methods of Controlling Flow Through a Valve Moving a disc or plug into or against an orifice Sliding a flat, cylindrical, or spherical surface across an orifice Rotating a disc or ellipse about a shaft extending across the diameter of an orifice Moving a flexible material into the flow passage 7. Characteristics of Flow Control Methods Valve Body or Shell Main pressure retaining part Accommodates valve trim Provides passage for fluid flow Manufacturing: cast, forged, fabricated, or combination Materials: various metals and alloys Connection Ends: Butt welded Socket welded Threaded Flanged Wafer Lug Types of Body Passages: Reduced bore Full bore Crossflow or Split section Bonnet or Cover Encloses internal parts Designs: Simple cover (e.g., swing check valve) Supporting internals/accessories Valve stem opening Includes stuffing box Bonnet-less design available Connection to body: bolted, threaded, or welded Bonnet joint often a leakage point Same material as valve body 8. Valve Trim Definition: Internal parts in contact with fluid, removable & replaceable Components: Disc, seat, stem Additional Parts: Back seat, glands, spacers, guides, bushings, pins, springs Function: Controls flow by disc movement 9. Valve Disk Function: Allows, throttles, or stops flow Defines valve type (globe, gate, etc.) Manufacturing: cast, forged, fabricated Features: Hard-faced for wear Smooth finish for friction reduction Pressure retaining part (when closed) Movement: By stem By fluid (in check/safety-relief valves) 10. Valve Seat Provides sealing surface for disc Number varies by valve type Good seal critical to prevent leakage Types: integral or replaceable Attachments: screwed, welded, cast/forged Hardening: heat treatment, Stellite facing Surface finish crucial for sealing Seat Types: Metallic Non-metallic (for non-critical service) Combination seats (metal + elastomer) 11. Back Seat Parts: Stem shoulder + Bonnet surface Functions: Seals when valve is fully open Prevents leakage to packing Allows in-service gland packing replacement 12. Stem Connects actuator to disk Types of motion: Linear (gate, globe) Rotary (plug, ball, butterfly) Typical Material: Forged stainless steel Connection to disc: Threaded/Welded 13. Bonnet Bolt & Gland Eyebolt Bonnet Bolt: Seals bonnet and body Gland Eyebolt: Connects gland flange and bonnet Pushes gland bush to retain packing 14. Yoke, Yoke Bushing, Yoke Nut Yoke: Connects bonnet to actuator May be one-piece Must be strong Yoke Nut: Converts rotary motion to linear Yoke Bushing: Threaded, softer than stem May have anti-freeze sleeve bearings 15. Non-Pressure Retaining Parts Gland Flange Gland Sleeve/Bush Gland Packing: Graphite, PTFE Prevents leaks/fugitive emissions Needs proper compression & maintenance 16. Valve Trim Chart Trim Number: Standard material combination Standards: API 600, API 602 Common Grades: A410, A316, Alloy 20, Monel Usage: Simplifies ordering and specification 17. Classification of Valves By Function Isolation Control Pressure/Vacuum Relief Non-return Special Purpose By End Connection Threaded Flanged Butt Welded Socket Welded Wafer & Lug Ends By Motion Linear Rotary Quarter-turn By Actuator Type Manual Pneumatic Electric Hydraulic

  • Introduction to Valves
    25:00

Ball valves

Butterfly Valves

Globe Valves

Gate Valves

Needle Valves

Plug Valves

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